Describe how to alleviate stress concentrations in aircraft structures.

Alleviating stress concentrations in aircraft structures is critical for ensuring structural integrity and safety. The correct approach involves designing smooth transitions and using appropriate reinforcements. This method effectively distributes loads more evenly across the structure, minimizing abrupt changes in geometry that can lead to localized stress.

Smooth transitions, such as rounded corners or gradual changes in thickness, help to eliminate sharp edges where stress tends to concentrate. Reinforcements, such as additional material strategically placed at high-stress areas, can provide extra support to help bear the loads without creating points of weakness.

In contrast, simply applying additional weight to the aircraft does not address the underlying issue of stress concentrations; it may exacerbate the problem. Reducing the overall size of the structure might lead to reduced strength and stiffness, making it unsuitable for bearing the design loads. Increasing material thickness can sometimes help, but it doesn't address the root cause of the stress concentration and could lead to added weight without addressing the stress distribution effectively.

Thus, the optimal strategy for alleviating stress concentrations is through thoughtful design that ensures smooth transitions and adequate reinforcement, which enhances the overall durability and performance of aircraft structures.