Which type of inspection can detect defects with a high degree of accuracy and without adversely affecting the part or system being inspected?

Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) is the practice selected here because it allows for the evaluation of a part or system without causing any damage. This method uses various techniques such as ultrasonic, radiographic, magnetic particle, or dye penetrant testing to identify defects, cracks, or irregularities while preserving the integrity of the inspected item.

This ability to detect issues without compromising the functionality or life of the part is crucial in aviation, where safety, reliability, and maintenance schedules must be strictly adhered to. Non-Destructive Inspection plays a pivotal role in ensuring that components remain safe for use.

In contrast, other types of inspections such as destructive inspection would compromise the integrity of the part being tested, limiting its usability afterward. Visual inspections, while useful, may not always detect internal defects and can be subjective depending on the inspector's experience. Operational inspections generally evaluate how well a system or part performs during use rather than focusing on hidden defects. Thus, NDI stands out as the method best suited for accurate defect detection without any negative impact on the parts or systems being assessed.